Oedipus The Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Oedipus The Tragic Hero Essay In the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus is an exemplary awful legend. As per Aristotles definition, Oedipus is an unfortunate saint since he is a ruler whose life self-destructs when he discovers his biography. There are various qualities portrayed by Aristotle that recognize a shocking saint. For instance, an appalling legend must reason his own defeat; his destiny isn't merited, and his discipline surpasses the wrongdoing; he likewise should be of respectable height and have enormity. Oedipus is enamored with his romanticized self, however neither the vainglorious nor the burdensome Narcissus can truly cherish himself (Miller 67). The entirety of the above qualities make Oedipus a shocking saint as indicated by Aristotles thoughts regarding disaster, and a narcissist. Utilizing Oedipus as a perfect model, Aristotle says that a heartbreaking legend must be a significant or compelling man who makes a blunder in judgment, and who should then endure the results of his activities. Those activities are seen when Oedipus powers Teiresias to uncover his predetermination and his dads name. When Teiresias attempts to caution him by saying I state that you and your most beyond a reasonable doubt cherished are enveloped together by a ghastly sin, ignorant concerning its repulsiveness (Sophocles 428). Oedipus despite everything couldn't care less and continues with his scrutinizing as though he didn't comprehend what Teiresias was discussing. The grievous legend must take in an exercise from his blunders in judgment and become a guide to the crowd of what happens when incredible men tumble from their grand social or political positions. As per Miller, an individual who is incredible, who is appreciated all over, and needs this deference to endure, has one of the extraordinary types of narcissism, which is gaudiness. Pretentiousness can be seen when an individual appreciates himself, his characteristics, for example, magnificence, astuteness, and abilities, and his prosperity and accomplishments enormously. On the off chance that one of these happens to fizzle, at that point the fiasco of a serious discouragement is close (Miller 34). Those activities happen when the Herdsman reveals to Oedipus who his mom is, and Oedipus answers Oh, gracious, at that point everything has come out obvious. Light, I will not look on you Again. I have been conceived where I ought not be conceived, I have been hitched where I ought not wed, I have slaughtered whom I ought not execute; presently everything is clear (Sophocles 1144). Oedipuss choice to seek after his scrutinizing isn't right; his gaudiness blinded him and, in this way, his destiny isn't merited, yet it is a long ways outside his ability to control. A prediction is prognosticated to Laius, the dad of Oedipus, that the predetermination of Oedipus is a horrible one outside his ability to control. Yet, when it is prophesized to Oedipus, he goes ahead from the city of his temporary parents so as to keep this horrendous destiny from happening. Oedipuss fate isn't merited on the grounds that he is being rebuffed for his folks activities. His introduction to the world guardians look for the counsel of the Delphi Oracle, who suggests that they ought not have any kids. At the point when the kid is conceived, Laius is overwhelmed with fear when he recollects the prophet. Oedipus is deserted by his introduction to the world guardians and is denied their adoration, which is the thing that outcomes in what Miller calls Depression as Denial of the Self. Despondency results from a disavowal of ones own enthusiastic responses, and we can't generally adore in the event that we deny our fact, reality with regards to our folks and parental figures as, well as about ourselves (Miller 43). The introduction of Oedipus presets his predetermination to bring about catastrophe despite the fact that he is of honorable birth. In catastrophes, heroes are normally of the respectability that causes their tumbles to appear to be more prominent. .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .postImageUrl , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:visited , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:active { border:0!important; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:active , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6 f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: My Testimony - The End of the Road Essay Oedipus simply happens to be brought into the world a ruler, and he has spared a realm that is legitimately his from the Sphinx. His fate is to be of respectable height from birth, which is denied to him by his folks, yet given back by the Sphinx. His honorability tricked him just as his appearance, since it shows just his ideal, superb face and not his inward world, his agony, his history (Miller 66). At the point when he depends on his status, he is visually impaired, not genuinely, yet inwardly. He is

The 5 Technologies That Changed My Life Essay Example for Free

The 5 Technologies That Changed My Life Essay I figured it is intriguing to commence an arrangement where every one of our editorialists would share the main 5 innovations that changed and significantly affected our lives, alongside the reasons why. Innovation has formed and is molding various ages in various manners and will keep on doing as such for significant stretches of time. I realize I generally appreciate tuning in to others recount anecdotes about the items that genuinely affected them to improve things and a portion of the reasons why. So here are the ones that molded my life so far. That’s right the absolute first EPIC NES. It was 1985 when the NES came into my home. I was immediately the coolest child on the whole square. My dad being one of the primary investigators in the PC business built up a decent connection with Nintendo so he got the opportunity to bring one of the principal units home. A significant number of you can identify with your first gaming experience, regardless of whether it be with the Commodore, Atari, NES or even the Playstation or XBOX. It was entrancing, enthralling and genuinely compelling. I couldn’t get enough, the departure that computer games presents or increasingly vivid and enthusiastic that books or motion pictures would ever be, for me in any event. It likewise undoubtedly added to my ADD. Presently with the expansion of things like Kinect and the Wii, families are getting together and playing vivid games together. For me everything began with the first NES. IBM PS/2 DIR/W. Ok the recollections of DOS. The PS/2 was the main PC I utilized finally. We had numerous others before it in our home however I basically don’t recollect them also. I figured out how to utilize DOS on the PS/2 which right away made me the go to for technical support in PC lab in the fifth grade. PCs and figuring are a major piece of a significant number of our lives. I feature this one since it was the one I invested the most energy with at a youthful age and the one quite a bit of my registering establishment was grounded on. I made some troublesome memories picking between the iPaq and the main Palm Pilot. I was at the Palm Pilot dispatch occasion when Jeff Hawkins first openly exhibited the gadget. Truth be told my father removed me from school to go to the occasion since he realized how critical it would be for the business. I thought at the time how noteworthy this pocket PC was. The essential explanation I picked the iPaq over the Palm Pilot was a direct result of the Metricom remote card connector sleeve. In spite of the fact that the first Palm Pilot spoke to a dream for a genuine pocket PC, the iPaq with the Metricom Ricochet Wireless card presented to me the Internet in my pocket for the clench hand time and that was what gave me my intonation point. Presently you might be asking why I picked this gadget over a cell phone or cellphone or some likeness thereof. The explanation was on the grounds that this especially item, attached to the Metricom broadband help, gave the premise to my cell phone understanding. Since I was exceptionally comfortable and OK with a pocket PC experience, I didn’t have the equivalent significant â€Å"aha† minutes many did with their first cell phones in light of the fact that the iPaq had given the crucial experience of applications and the web in your pocket. Being an early adopter I purchased my first HDTV the subsequent I might bear the cost of one which was in 2003. That was additionally the year my first little girl was conceived, so I situated it as a birthday present for her, which clearly nobody accepted. I recall the first occasion when I saw a HD picture on this monster. I almost cried. I gazed at it for a considerable length of time and viewed the most irregular things basically on the grounds that HD content was constrained and I simply needed to watch HD appears. I told my significant other it resembled glancing out a window or like really being at the football or ball game. She didn’t think so however I did and that was all that made a difference. I picked the iPad for various reasons. Fundamentally in light of the fact that in the 13+ years I have been working in the innovation business I generally longed for an item like this (a no trade off tablet) and this was the first to convey. I utilized almost every pen figuring tablet that came to showcase in an assortment of shapes and sizes preceding the iPad. Indeed, there are various acceptable tablets available and they will all keep on showing signs of improvement yet for me the iPad brought contact figuring to the mass ma rket is as yet the best of the best as I would like to think. Ostensibly contact figuring began with the iPhone yet a little pocketable screen is just able to do a few components of touch processing where the iPad speaks to a considerably more all encompassing touch registering stage and has thrown a dream of where contact figuring will go with future developments. So those are my 5 characterizing encounters with innovation. More Tech.pinions journalists will share theirs and why and as consistently we couldn't imagine anything better than to get notification from our awesome network with your remarks.

Starbucks Structure

Taking into account that representatives working with Starbucks structure the imperative center of the company’s accomplishment as far as selling the company’s picture to the overall population and playing out the everyday tasks, there is the requirement for the organization to enlist individuals who can keep up positive cooperations with customers.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Starbucks’ Structure explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This can be accomplished through a thorough procedure involving work examination, work determination, and expected set of responsibilities by the human asset office. For example, for Baristas (bar people), the accompanying should shape an aspect of their responsibilities details and depictions: Job Specifications; Candidates qualified for the situation of baristas will have the accompanying aptitudes, information, and capacities; Knowledge of various brands of espresso, Be anxious to learn new ideas, Ability to gain proficiency with the craft of espresso preparing, Be self-propelled, inventive, versatile, cooperative people, and energetic, and Ability to keep up a huge exhibit of customary clients Job Descriptions: Baristas will be accused of the accompanying obligations and duties; Brewing and serving espresso to the clients progressively, Receiving and reacting to client needs/arranges rapidly, Reporting to their quick bosses on issues in regards to client objections and inclinations, and Helping in structuring techniques to address client issues especially protests and client inclinations. In a useful association, work ought to be designated to various divisions so as to decrease disarray and guarantee that work effectiveness is kept up. This structures the embodiment of hierarchical departmentalization. Along these lines, the most fitting type of departmentalization reasonable for Starbucks is item administration departmentalization. Under this type of sub-isolat ing work into separate divisions, various items or administrations are doled out to explicit offices and faculty. Thus, items or administrations with special requests and client inclinations are given the most extreme consideration (Robins Coulter, 1999). Item administration departmentalization is significant for Starbucks considering the scope of items the organization offers including various brands of espressos as espresso mocha, coffee, and cappuccino among others. The wide item go is combined with one of a kind client administrations, for example, inside plans, which support distinctive client practices and direct (Reilly, Minnick, Baack, 2011). Moreover, Starbucks’ bistros are situated in various regions, and therefore it is hard to embrace different types of departmentalization. Henceforth, all together for the items and administrations offered by Starbucks to become and succeed comparative with client needs and inclinations, there is the need to concentrate on every i tem or administration independently.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As for stores offering nourishment items and lunch, it is basic for such stores to receive a similar type of departmentalization. As noted in the above conversations, exceptional items and administrations require more consideration so as to keep up development and success among clients. It is likewise normal that stores offering nourishment items and lunch have an assortment of items and administrations some of which are all inclusive while others are one of a kind in numerous angles. In this manner, it is imperative to sort out such stores into item explicit divisions to guarantee opportune reaction to client needs and inclinations (Robins Coulter, 1999). From the appearance of things, it is clear that Starbucks’ Howard Schultz has been rehearsing a brought together or bureaucratic ar rangement of hierarchical administration. With the immense number of Starbucks’ espresso joints, it is no uncertainty that a bureaucratic association will confront numerous difficulties. The circumstance can likewise compound when a director/CEO focuses on business extension while disregarding other market elements, for example, business rivalry. Along these lines, when an association starts to encounter money related issues of the sort experienced by Starbucks, it is significant for the top administration to energize decentralization of influence and dynamic procedures inside the association. The excellence of such a framework is, that the top administration makes sufficient opportunity to focus on detailing techniques while designating the everyday activities and other dynamic duties to their youngsters (Robins Coulter, 1999). In like manner, with decentralization, there is fast responsiveness to client needs and inclinations, representative inspiration, and development of new organizations forms. As noted before, Starbucks can be viewed to as a bureaucratic association wherein business procedures, strategies, and guidelines are methodicallly characterized and passed on the administration line.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Starbucks’ Structure explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, because of the innate detriments related with such a hierarchical structure, there is the requirement for Starbucks to change its association to incorporate level structures, cutting back, and re-appropriating. By diminishing the quantity of layers through which data heads out from the baristas to the CEO, laborers are allowed the chance to report legitimately to the top administration. This is the pith of level hierarchical structures. Combined with scaling back which basically alludes to eliminating low-esteem exercises, a level structure will empower Starbucks’ top administration to react to client needs an d inclinations by getting direct data from its work force on the ground (Robins Coulter, 1999). Besides, taking into account that Starbucks has left on expanded business extension throughout the years, there is the need to re-appropriate the administrations of different associations to attempt to decrease the quantity of its operational resources and workers if essential. The thought behind re-appropriating is that the organization will have the option to distinguish certain assignments where its workers and business forms perform best and keep up them while designating different errands to associations with the pertinent ability and staff. For example, Starbucks can receive ‘home-shoring’ whereby laborers are urged to help with client support from the solace of their homes. Generally, Starbucks stands a superior chance of returning to its past status through starting the correct business systems and procedures. References Reilly, M., Minnick, C., Baack, D. (2011). The five elements of powerful administration. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Robins, S.P., Coulter, M. (1999). The board. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. This paper on Starbucks’ Structure was composed and put together by client Joey K. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here. Starbucks' Structure Starbucks is an American organization that began in 1971 in Seattle, America. The organization began with simmering and retailing both entire bean and ground espresso. Too, the organization sold tea and flavors beginning with one outlet at Pike Place Market. Starting at now, Starbucks offers to a few million clients day by day over an extended land locale. Starbucks likewise sells different merchandise and ventures a long way from what it began with.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Starbucks’ Structure explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Statistically, Starbucks has more than 18,000 retail outlets spread in more than sixteen nations. The organization works in Europe, the United States, South America, Asia, a few pieces of Africa and North America. With its strategic rouse and sustain the human soul one individual, one cup and one neighborhood at a time†, the organization keeps on giving excellent items to its clients. It purchases espresso from nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and dishes it at its own offices (Morris 2006). The organization offers various items to its client base all through the world, which incorporates various mixes of espresso, high quality drinks, stocks, for example, cups, blending hardware, blessing things, and music. Too, the organization offers new nourishment, buyer items, for example, espresso and tea, Ready-to-Drink beverages, and frozen yogurt. The organization keeps on supporting an obligation arrangement through its three mainstays of duty, which are moral sourcing, ecological stewardship, and network contribution. Concerning moral sourcing, the organization bolsters its ranchers through credits and supporting ranger service programs. The organization additionally focuses on preserving the earth with the utilization of recyclable materials for making cups. Starbucks has put resources into inquire about with the view to making every one of its cups reusable by 2015. The organization likewise bolsters network administration ventures (Morris 2006). A set of working responsibilities is a framework of the normal capacities, jobs, and obligations of an up-and-comer during an enlistment procedure. Both the set of working responsibilities and the activity prerequisites are explicit to the vacant position. One of the most significant activity positions at Starbucks is that of a barperson. The barperson is the â€Å"face† of Starbucks since she is the individual who manages clients direct. The barperson gets and causes clients to their seats and continues to take orders. Another significant capacity of a barperson at Starbucks is recording the exchanges and keeping up such records in a legitimate structure for reasons for accounting. An occupation

The Appeal of College Scholarship Essay Samples

The Appeal of College Scholarship Essay Samples Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for College Scholarship Essay Samples Scholarship committees aren't only on the lookout for good students, they are often trying to find an individual that suits their organizational targets. Students seeking different kinds of scholarships write scholarship essays. They take a lot of work to establish and evaluate. If there are many scholarships that you're eligible to submit an application for, be certain to make an application for them all. Scholarship essay writing services give totally free email deliver and we don't charge clients for essays should they need any revision. By doing this you'll demonstrate that you have a better mastery of the topic. You don't need to possess the ideal writing skills as a way to be creative and compose an effective essay. To start with, you've got to reiterate the topics and sum up the critical sides of your experience. Prove your worth there are a great dea l of applicants that are hoping to have a scholarship. Typically each department has a certain deadline for every one of the scholarships they sponsor and a few departments award twice annually. Unless you're fortunate enough to happen across an extremely obscure and unusual scholarship with no more than one or two qualified applicants, you are likely to have to confront some competition to get a scholarship award. Applying for college takes lots of work. The College Scholarship Essay Samples Game Your basic aim is to bring enough power into the introduction to earn committee members read the full scholarship essay. A scholarship is a grant that functions as an aid for a student to have the ability to attain a particular amount of education. Especially, write the method by which the scholarship is able to help you continue your education including the financial conditions of your loved ones and the way you'll have the ability to help them as well. People granting scholarship s have various requirements. Put simply, a strong scholarship essay does not have to produce the conclusion do the double duty of supplying additional content and providing an ending statement at the very same time, which is characteristic of an extremely brief essay. Don't forget, on the outside the envelope, list the name of the particular scholarship you're inquiring about. The letter may be a general request for information form letter that may be photocopied, but you ought to be specific regarding the name of the scholarship you're inquiring about on the envelope. Therefore, it's important to determine key individuals to request letters of recommendation from. Introducing College Scholarship Essay Samples Usually it isn't sufficient to name the topic of the essay in the title. There isn't one sure-fire means to compose an essay, but here are a few universal ideas to help elevate every one of your submissions. You've got a lot riding on the way in which the essay is writ ten. Most significantly, make certain to clearly realize what you should compose your essay. The Unexposed Secret of College Scholarship Essay Samples To have the very best chance at winning scholarships, you should understand how to begin your essay off perfect. Don't be discouraged if you aren't selected among the 3 winners. It's particularly important to go past the overall theme where all contenders are responding to the very same prompt. 1-Affordable The exact first cause of the interest of the majority of students who mean to study in China is that higher education in China is quite reasonably priced. 5-Learning with Earning Another reason students all around the world intend to study in China is that there's no ban on employment. An additional thing to discuss to comprehend how to compose a personal essay for scholarships is the topics to pick from. Writing a scholarship essay may not be a very simple job for many students. College Scholarship Essay Samples Featur es If no, you must learn to compose an essay for scholarship. Scholarship essays are extremely similar to your college application essays when it comes to strategy. Writing a scholarship essay can be quite difficult especially if you prefer to do it well. For a regular student, writing an effective scholarship essay is a true challenge. Have a peek at the illustration of a fantastic scholarship essay conclusion. There are lots of things you can do to boost your probability of obtaining a scholarship and writing a scholarship essay is just one of it. For quite a few, telling a story is the simplest and best method to compose a scholarship essay. Understanding how to end a scholarship essay is an essential part of the success. It is possible to examine your thesis as your one-sentence response to the essay question. Steer clear of rambling and be sure each topic contributes to the total essay. Rather than being given a prompt, you may be requested to compose an essay on thi s issue of your choice. What Everybody Dislikes About College Scholarship Essay Samples and Why There are many ways to conclude your essay in a highly effective way. Fortunately, there's nobody right means to compose a scholarship introduction, but there are a few things you must bear in mind. As you probably already know, applying for college is plenty of work. That means you can order for our high school scholarship essay examples without needing to be worried about your private info. Therefore, you don't need to fret about your private information whenever you order with us. It's evident that most students find it really hard to submit absolutely free error sample essay for financial need scholarship since mostly they give plagiarized content since they copy the specific information found on the web. If you would like to comprehend how to compose an essay for a scholarship, it would be sensible to begin from ordering a low-cost custom writing help online. If you submit the scholarship essay within the body of the email, it is going to be disqualified. The ending of your scholarship application essay has become the most significant part the piece. You will see that as soon as you have seen one or two applications, you've pretty much seen all of them. Before the essay is delivered to the client it needs to be screened to check whether there are traces of plagiarism and it's later delivered to the customer. A scholarship application essay is just one of the toughest assignments you will need to finish.

How Economic Globalization Has Fostered Globalization of...

I. INTRODUCTION The concept of globalization is one of the most talked about terms over the past decades. In fact, it is a highly popular buzzword that admittedly lacks a standard or commonly agreed upon definition. (Trebilcock, 2000). The concept of economic globalization stemmed from the root concept of â€Å"globalization† and by definition, pertains to that specific attribute of globalization that refers to the process of integration between the economic front and the ‘developed’, ‘under-developed’ and ‘developing’ economies (Naik, 2011). Economic globalization essentially comes together through international trade, FDIs (foreign direct investments) and the like (Naik, 2011). As stated by Naik (2011), economic globalization is a process†¦show more content†¦This is precisely the reason why the critics could not help but compare the unequal effects of economic globalization among the developing and developed countries. In this research paper, we will explore the process as to how the so-called â€Å"economic globalization† phenomenon has fostered a globalization of critics and criticism. In this research paper, we will tackle the definition of economic globalization and its implications and how it has allegedly brought about and triggered the rise of a number of critics. This research paper will also identify the specific criticisms that critics have previously cited and identified with regard to the economic globalization phenomenon. The main objective of this research paper is to provide evidence as to how the emergence of globalization of critics and criticism was a direct by-product of economic globalization. Hence, in line with this main objective, this research paper will directly answer the research question: â€Å"How did economic globalization foster globalization of critics and criticism?† 6 |B u s i n e s s a n d S o c i e t y II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Economic Globalization Defined. Economic globalization, by strict definition, refers to the phenomenon characterized with an increased interdependence of the different national economies inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Anti Globalization3397 Words   |  14 PagesAntiglobalization Anti-globalization is a term used to describe the political stance of individuals and groups who oppose the neoliberal form of globalization (using the term globalization in a doctrinal sense not a literal one). Anti-globalization is also used to refer to opposition to international integration (using the term globalization in a literal sense not a doctrinal one). Anti-globalization can denote either a single social movement or an umbrella term that encompasses a number ofRead MoreEssay on Globalization: The WTO is Killing People 3025 Words   |  13 Pages2012 This paper is missing the Works Cited After the break-up of Soviet Union, globalization accelerated through the world. 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Oliver Kimberly N. Lomax AMBA 670 Managing Strategy in the Global Workplace July 25, 2012 2 GE’s Two Decade Transformation Executive Summary Team Globalization has conducted an in depth analysis on General Electrics (GE) two decade transformation achieved by the company’s former Chief Executive OfficerRead MoreTowards Sustainable Tourism – Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong2308 Words   |  10 PagesContemporary Tourism Issues Topic: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is a blessed land where possesses prosperity and most of the elements of being a world class cosmopolitan which has successfully attracted visitors over years, especially from the mainland by emphasising our world-class shopping, dining and other urban attractions (Lam, H., 2004). Despite the flourishing scene of the tourism industry, the volatile tourist marketsRead MoreTowards Sustainable Tourism – Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong2292 Words   |  10 PagesTourism Issues Topic: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is a blessed land where possesses prosperity and most of the elements of being a world class cosmopolitan which has successfully attracted visitors over years, especially from the mainland by emphasising our world-class shopping, dining and other urban attractions (Lam, H., 2004). Despite the flourishing scene of the tourism industry, the volatile tourist marketsRead MoreCompare Public Management Reform in the Uk with Singapore. What Does the Comparison Tell You About the Factors That Shape Public Management in Each Country?3967 Words   |  16 Pagesdistinguishing factors that help to shape public management in each country and examine the extent to how countries learn from each other about the nature of change and reform. Context The UK and Singapore are both leaders in the education rankings as a result of their reforms but they have both been achieved in terms of different historical, political, economical and cultural contexts. Britain has a past of being a dominant force in the world with the legacy of the British Empire, whilst ironically;Read MoreSocio-Cultural Development17197 Words   |  69 PagesThe social and cultural environment Paul Wetherly Contents Introduction: what is the social and cultural environment? What has it got to do with business? Society, culture and business Demographic trends—an ageing population Immigration and multiculturalism Class structure Inequality A woman’s place? 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Codes of Ethics in Nursing - 3690 Words

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A Comprehensive Marketing Planning Case Study

Question - Write a case study analysis on Marketing Planning? Table of Contents Introduction. Task 1 (M1) P1 Reviewing the changing perspective in marketing planning. P2 Evaluating the organizations capability to plan for its future marketing activity. P3 Examining the techniques for auditing an organization and analyzing the external factors that affects the marketing planning. P4 Carrying out the organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affects the marketing planning Task 2 (M2) P5 Accessing the main barriers of marketing planning for Nelson Professional Clothing. P6 Explaining how to overcome the barriers to marketing planning. Task 3 (M3) P7 Marketing plan for a product or services. P8 Importance of marketing planning for the organization in the strategic planning process P9 Techniques for new product development P10 Recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix. P11 Factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan. Task 4. P12 Ethical issues influencing marketing planning. P13 Response of Nelson Professional Clothing to ethical issues. P14 Examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning. Conclusion. Reference List Introduction Marketing planning can be referred to as the blueprint that helps in outlining the overall marketing efforts of an organization. The market planning generally results in a marketing strategy that helps in enhancing the sales and profit from the business (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). This assignment deals with compiling a marketing audit for Nelson professional clothing, suitable techniques for exploring and assessing the main barriers of the organization along with chalking out an effective marketing plan. In addition to this, the assignment also focuses its light on the ethical issues that the organization has to respond and the ways that ethical issues influence the marketing planning. Task 1 (M1) P1 Reviewing the changing perspective in marketing planning Now days when marketing planning is made, it is essential to keep in mind the reason behind its change. The different reasons for which the market planning is changed are due to the change in requirements and needs of the customers and their buying behavior. In addition to this, in order to keep a competitive pace with the changing competitors, change in market planning is required. According to Chang and Cheng (2014) the market planning is changing due to introduction of new technologies where the usage of the modern technology is an important part of the any retailing company. In this tech savvy modern world, more the organizations will be inclined towards technology, the sales and profit will increase. In addition to this, the other reason of making a change in market planning is the underperforming performance of Nelson Professional Clothing where the company faced a huge loss due to global recession in 2008-2009. This resulted in failure in meeting the operational activities as well as lead to downsizing of employees as well as selling off the assets (Gunder, 2011). P2 Evaluating the organizations capability to plan for its future marketing activity After facing a huge loss due to recession, Nelson Professional Clothing had to struggle a lot for meeting their operational activities by both downsizing the employees and selling of the assets of the company. So, the company hired Gantts Hill Research and Consultancy Group (GRCG) in order to chalk out an effective marketing plan for the future. The organization is capable enough to face the change since it has already faced a lot of hurdles during the phase of recession (McKay, 2014). The capability approach is one of the approaches that use the value proposition of the customers in order to establish the performance goals that are based on contribution of values. The GRCG group understands the assets of the organization and also evaluates the capacity that the organization has to face a major change in market planning that may affect the staffing systems and the already set marketing strategies (Towers, 2012). Moreover, the company is eager to analyze the marketing strategies that includes analyze of the strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats of the company. P3 Examining the techniques for auditing an organization and analyzing the external factors that affects the marketing planning The technique that the marketing head of GRCG had adopted for analyzing the external factors affecting the market planning is the SWOT analysis. The strength of Nelson Professional Clothing is the low price strategy where it provides good quality products at a considerable low price. In addition to this, the introduction of current and updated technologies like self checking out machines, ECR, electronic shelf labeling etc. will help the company in reduction of extra employee cost (Anderson, 2012). Moreover, this strength will give the company an added competitive advantage over other companies. In addition to this, the weakness of the company is that it had to sell off some of the assets due to recession. The opportunity of the company can be introduction of diversified products into the market at reasonable prices (Mooradian et al. 2012). Since the customers know about the good quality of products of this company, they will be eager to have the products again from the company. But on the other hand according to Karakaya and Parayitam (2013) the threat of the company is the rising global competition and global economic crisis. P4 Carrying out the organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affects the marketing planning The analysis of external factors that affect the market planning of Nelson Professional Clothing is discussed hereby. The organization has to analyze the external environment for chalking out or formulating an effective marketing planning for the welfare of the company and to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. The political factor includes the political stability, tax rates, tariffs rate and legislation of UK (Castleberry, 2014). In addition to this, economic factors include the economic condition of UK due to an adverse effect of recession, the demand of its products and prices of the product. Moreover, the social factors include the beliefs and sentiments along with the culture and living standard of the people. The social factors also include the analysis of the customers on the basis of their age, sex, income, educational background and job (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). The technological factors include the implication of modern technology into the business that helps in reducing the labor costs and production cost and increases the profits and quality of product and services (Schultz, 2012). The legal factors include the rules and regulation the organization follows during the production of the goods. It also includes the working hours, the employees and labor laws conditions of employment and pay scales. The environmental factors include the processing of the waste materials before disposal and methods to reduce the carbon footprint. Analysis of these factors helps in making a successful marketing plan (Perret and Holmlund, 2013). Task 2 (M2) P5 Accessing the main barriers of marketing planning for Nelson Professional Clothing The effectiveness of different leadership styles of different organizations is discussed in this context. In autocratic leadership style, the managers and the higher officials are the core decision makers. The employees had to work according to the rules and regulations of the company irrespective of any problems they face. Such leadership can be a barrier to the market planning because fresh ideas are not allowed to flow within the organization (Tyssen et al. 2013). This increases the reduction of employee retention and also the employees do not find satisfaction in their job. For the participative leadership style, the leaders discusses with the employees before taking any kind of decisions. But this style faces challenges at the time of emergency an also during the time of taking decisions within a short period of time. In addition to this, the transactional leadership style focuses on giving rewards or punishments that is based on the results of the performance (Arnold and Loughl in, 2013). This makes the employees move towards a common goal and makes the wok monotony and innovation in this leadership style is absent. This is because failure of the idea can lead to punishment of the employees so the employees preferably dont take any risk in giving out ideas. These different leadership styles are the main barriers in effective marketing planning. P6 Explaining how to overcome the barriers to marketing planning Nelson Professional Clothing can rid of barriers and make an effective marketing planning by the following ways. The organization can gather more information of the market trend by doing a vivid and authentic market research. This is because; collection of wrong data can lead to an incorrect market planning that will be having an adverse effect to the business of the organization (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). In addition to this, market research regarding the market growth, net value and decision making processes can be done to avoid and overcome the barriers. The better understanding of the customers, the needs and requirements of the potential customers can also be the way of overcoming barriers. Usage of modern technology like data management system, process automation, collaboration and multi channel campaign management helps in overcoming the barriers to prepare an effective marketing planning (Towers, 2012). In addition to this, the removal of existing legal barriers can help in ov ercoming the barriers in marketing planning. Moreover, a two way communication within the organization and outside the organization along with fixing a reliable budget of the organization helps in overcoming the barriers. Task 3 (M3) P7 Marketing plan for a product or services The marketing plan for Nelson Professional Clothing can be done through the following- STP- For efficiently making marketing plan, the marketing head has initially segmented the customers, targeted the old and new customers and then positioned the products accordingly (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). This helps in understanding the needs and wants of the customers and help in making homogeneous segments of the customers which the company will find easy to target for positioning the products according to their requirements. Introduction of new products- The organization can introduce the new and fashionable products in the market. This will help in attracting the old customers since they are already accustomed with the products of the company and the new potential customers will also be attracted seeing the trendy clothing store (Chang and Cheng, 2014). Attractive packaging of the existing products- In order to give a refresh look to the products of the organization, the strategy of making the packaging attractive is a part of the marketing plan (Gunder, 2011). An attractive packaging will attract the customers to a great extent and it will help in increasing the customer database. Low pricing- The low pricing strategy of the organization is also an effective part of the marketing plan that helps in attracting the customers. Generally the customers opt for good quality products but at comparatively less price or at reasonable prices (McKay, 2014). P8 Importance of marketing planning for the organization in the strategic planning process An effective marketing planning helps in identifying the sources that will give the company a competitive advantage over others. In addition to this, the organization will also be provided with authentic market reports that will help in making effective strategies for the company (Tyssen et al. 2013). In return to this, organizations such as Nelson Professional Clothing will start gaining back its original position in the market that it had lost at the time of recession. A good market planning will help in satisfaction of the employees that in return improves the employee retention. A good marketing plan will enhance in setting up realistic goals and objectives of the company. In addition to this, an effective market planning helps in the adaptation of modern technologies that will improve the quality of products and services can also be adopted (Castleberry, 2014). P9 Techniques for new product development Nelson Professional Clothing can adopt differentiation strategy of Porters Generic Strategies in order to develop new product into the market. This is because; this helps the company in seeking a way to stay unique in the competitive market. In addition to this, product differentiation helps in attracting a huge customer database as it operates in a broader aspect (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). The company tries to select the Unique Selling Point (USP) of the new products for attracting the customers through it. The company can even engage 3 phases that will help in development of new products. The fuzzy front end is a phase where a set of activities is done before the development of new products. The second phase is the product design where the new products are developed and comes to an end at pre commercialization stage. The fuzzy back end phase contains the action steps required for production and launching of the product (Castleberry, 2014). P10 Recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix Pricing policy- Since the company has faced a huge loss regarding recession and has already sold some of the assets; the company needs to get back the customers as well as the assets back (Anderson, 2012). So, the company can go for low price strategy where it will attract a huge number of customers that will result in huge sales and profit. Communication Mix- The communication mix consists of advertisement, promotion, packaging and public relations. The advertisements need to be presentable and well communicable for attracting the customers. Moreover, the packaging needs to be attractive and well understandable to the customers since it adds a significant value to the company (Bazini and Ramaj, 2013). The promotion of the products must be in such as way that the customers will be convinced with the need and requirements of it in their daily life. In addition to this, Nelson Professional Clothing can improve the public relations with the customers either by celebrity endorsements or through press releases in order to reach the target audiences. Distribution- The distribution channel needs to be effective enough so that products reach the customers very easily. If the customers find the products easily accessible, then the customers tend to lean towards the company because they have trust on the company products and its availability (Castleberry, 2014). P11 Factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan Priority- Nelson Professional Clothing prioritizes the necessity of the company previously before implementation of the marketing plan. This is done to see which of the factors needs to be prioritized before hand and need to be resolved (Tyssen et al. 2013). This helps in understanding the importance of the factors that have to be completed by the time and the factors which can wait for a time being. Resources of company- The resources are another important factor that affects the implementation of an effective marketing plan. The company needs to understand the resources it has for successful implementation of the marketing plan (Anderson, 2012). The resources include the finances, vendor relationships, finances, access to materials, human resource and raw material availability. Forecasting- A concrete market research has to be done in order to forecast the future for implementation of marketing plan. The marketing plan has to be done in order to forecast the sales, revenues, personal costs and other overhead costs (McKay, 2014). It will be tough for the company to say whether there are chances of successor not by accurate forecasting of the plan. Task 4 P12 Ethical issues influencing marketing planning The ethical issues influence the market planning to a huge extent. This helps in building up a healthy relationship between the customers and the company. This increases the trust of the customers on the organization which gives a positive impact on the sales and profit of the company (Schultz, 2012). In addition to this, the organization maintaining ethics also have a good reputation and brand image in the market. The employees are also content with the ethics and thereby the employees, workers and customers all feel safe to do business with the organization. P13 Response of Nelson Professional Clothing to ethical issues Nelson Professional Clothing though has faced hug loses during the time of recession still it uses ethical ways of market planning and marketing. This is because, the company is very much conscious about is brand image. The company has opted for a low price strategy but it keeps a balance with the market prices through a good market research (Castleberry, 2014). Moreover, it gives advertisements of the products with the actual price and never opts for deceiving the customers. This is because they believe that through their quality and good marketing policies, they can regain their position. P14 Examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning Pricing ethics- The pricing ethics need to be ethical enough since it influences the market planning. Bid rigging and predatory pricing needs to be stopped since they are the unethical practices. Bid rigging means a commercial contract that is promised to one party but other parties are also present (Glaser and Traynor, 2014). Predatory pricing is selling products and services at a considerable low price with an intention for driving out the competitors as well as new competitors from the market. This helps in increasing the trust and belief of the customers on the company. Anti competitive practices- This practice involves bait and switch form of fraud where the customers are baited through low price products by advertisements. But the actual fact is that the prices of the products and services are switched to higher costs (Schultz, 2012). This affects the band image of the company and is an unethical way of market planning. This strengthens the relationship between the company and the customers. Conclusion This assignment has focused on the marketing plan of Nelson Professional Clothing evaluating the capacity of the organization to face the change along with the analysis of external factors that affects the market planning. In addition to this the ethics related to fair trading is also discussed along with the barriers of market planning and ways to overcome it. Moreover, market planning along with the requirements of it and techniques for the development of new products are also discussed. Reference List Books Anderson, D. (2012)Strategic marketing planning for the small to medium-sized business, New York: Business Expert Press Glaser, R. and Traynor, R. (2014)Strategic practice management, San Diego: Plural Pub Mooradian, T., Matzler, K. and Ring, L. (2012)Strategic marketing, Boston, MA: Pearson Prentice Hall Towers, N. (2012)The marketing planning process, London: BPP Learning Media Ltd Journals Arnold, K. and Loughlin, C. (2013) Integrating transformational and participative versus directive leadership theories,Leadership Organizational Development Journal, 34(1), pp.67-84 Bazini, E. and Ramaj, A. (2013) Database Marketing Application and Barriers Faced by Firms in Service Sector in Albania A Framework For Understand Its Role in Creating Competitive Advantage,Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, pp. 47-65 Castleberry, S. (2014) Salesperson Ethics: An Interactive Computer Simulation,Journal of Marketing Education, 36(2), pp.209-216 Chang, C. and Cheng, Z. (2014) Tugging on Heartstrings: Shopping Orientation, Mindset, and Consumer Responses to Cause-Related Marketing,Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 73-84 Gunder, M. (2011) An introduction: Psychoanalytical thought and planning theory,Planning Theory, 10(4), pp.299-300 Karakaya, F. and Parayitam, S. (2013) Barriers to entry and firm performance: a proposed model and curvilinear relationships,Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(1), pp.25-47 McKay, S. (2014) Attitudes and Ethics: Evaluating Knowledge and Regulatory Constructs in Planning Enforcement Practice, European Planning Studies, pp.1-22 Perret, J. and Holmlund, M. (2013) Ethics and responsibility in relationship marketing,Marketing Intelligence Plan, 31(7), pp.746-763 Schultz, P. (2012) The market for new issues of municipal bonds: The roles of transparency and limited access to retail investors,Journal of Financial Economics, 106(3), pp.492-512 Tyssen, A., Wald, A. and Spieth, P. (2013) Leadership in Temporary Organizations: A Review of Leadership Theories and a Research Agenda,Project Management Journal, 44(6), pp.52-67

Students and School Uniforms Essay Example For Students

Students and School Uniforms Essay Students and School UniformsThe implication of school uniforms on the public school system would make a dramatic positive change for the students now and in the future. Currently the public school system allows casual dress code attire throughout the United States. Differing from private school institutions, where uniforms are mandatory. School uniforms are beneficial to the students and to the parents of these students. Secondly, uniforms provide structure and unity within the schools. Lastly, school uniforms make the environment in which the students conduct in for approximately 6 7 hrs. of their day a safer place. How much does it cost to dress for school? The prices in the fashion market targeted to school age children are on the rise yearly. The $28 billion childrens apparel market experienced continuous growth from 1998 to 2003 up 32% (Key note publications, 2003), this statistic showing the growth in spending on fashion clothing for young children. The clothing market now being a large expense for parents of these children. The purchasing of school uniforms is proven to be less expensive than the competitive fashion market at this time. We will write a custom essay on Students and School Uniforms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now School uniforms are typically purchased yearly, with the growing child. This lessening the amount of money spent on uniforms and attention paid to the fashion markets competitiveness. A school is a form of a total institution. It is a place for reform, structure and unity for the individuals within that environment to fulfill a common goal. For a total institution to properly work there must be unity. A uniform help to provide that unity. Many positive institutions with the adaptation of a uniform dress code are successful in the process of unification. For example, the air force and other military based institutions. In these institutions each individual is clear on the mandatory uniform policy, this awareness and discipline provides a stern and later acceptance to rule. Once in uniform, studies show that increases in acceptance of others are evident. The viewing of multiple individuals wearing the same uniform brings a form of acceptance and unity due to similarity in appearance. The safety of our children is of our highest concern daily. In recent years schools across the country have experienced violence, gang activity, and thefts of clothing accessories. (L. Isaacson, Student Dress Codes. January 1998). A school environment is not a place for violent activity. This enforcing a quote made from The Manual on School Uniforms, A safe disciplined learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. To be worried about ones personal belongings, and more importantly ones life disrupts the learning environment, stumping ones ability to strive and accomplish academically. The addition of uniforms in the public school system has shown a positive decrease in violence and an increase of attendance. Statistics show, a decrease in crime by 36 percent, fighting by 51 percent, and vandalism by 18 percent (L. Isaacson). With these statistics how could anyone argue against the addition of school uniforms? To keep our children safe from violence from fashion pressure from other children may only take the agreement to allowing the acceptance of a school uniform dress code. A school is a place to learn and to strive. For a child this may be a hard ordeal. With the addition of fashion pressure, in acceptance from others and the inability to walk the hallways because of ones faded shirt, makes this impossible. Lets makes this easier for our children, allow school uniforms to out public school institutions.

Renault Story in India Essays

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Homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Homelessness - Essay Example The sociological perspective applied to the research paper is social constructionism. This approach allows a researcher to examine and analyze development of homelessness in particular social contexts. This sociological perspective is chosen for analysis because the constructionist position emphasizes that the activities through which social problems like homelessness are constructed are both implicitly and intentionally. Social constructionism accounts for maintenance of social activities which lead to such problems as homelessness. Sociologists use the assumptions as a warrant for defining problems as real and observable social conditions, portraying their studies as objective analyses, and describing themselves as experts on social problems. The notion of homeless is difficult to define because it involves diverse social groups and diverse populations. Researchers propose different definitions which take into account different age groups and different social causes of homelessness, location and neighborhoods environment. For instance, Chamberlain and Johnson (2001) state that: "the literal definition equates homelessness with rooflessness', implying that homeless people are literally under the stars', or illegally occupying deserted premises" (p. 35). Traditional definitions of homelessness (Arden et al 2006) involve such groups as children, women, veterans, racial minorities, young mothers and drug users. Homeless are considered children who have been separated from their homeless parents and are in foster care or are living with relatives; a young mother and her children who have lived for two or three months at a time with different relatives during the past year or so, and who expect that, within the next few months , they will have to leave where they now live; a family or single person who migrated to a new town looking for work, lives with relatives, does not pay rent, cannot find work, and does not know how long the present arrangement will last or where to go if it terminates. A person can be defined as homeless if: there s no accommodation available for him/her, together with any other person who normally resides with him/her or who might reasonably expect to reside with him/her, which he/she can reasonably occupy or remain in occupation of" (Homeless n.d.). Homeless are considered people living in stable but physically inadequate housing (having no plumbing, no heating, or major structural damage, for example). The remainder is considered "at imminent risk" of literal homelessness, that is, if their current precarious housing arrangements fail, or if an institutional stay comes to a predictable end, they have neither prospects nor resources to keep themselves from literal homelessness (Luba and Davies 2006). A more expansive definition of homelessness includes the institutionalized who have no usual home elsewhere, the most unstable group among the precariously housed, or both. In terms of social constructionism, homelessness is caused by social conditions and circumstances which influence a person. Pervasive and rising homelessness is caused by social factors; that is, that it is a function of the way society's resources are organized and distributed. Luba and Davies (2006) emphasize a dramatically

Material Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Material Science - Research Paper Example The first group encompasses materials with reduced dimensions in the form of nanometer-sized constituent part, thin wires or thin films. The second group includes materials in which the nanometer-sized microstructure is restricted to a thin external region of a bulk material. PVD, CVD, ion embedding and laser beam treatments are the usually used processes to change the chemical structure or atomic structure of solid planes on a nanometer scale. The third groups of bulk solids are with a nanometer-scale microstructure. Materials with a nanometer-dimensional microstructure are named Nanostructured Materials (NsM) (Gleiter). The fusion, classification and meting out of such NsM are developing and fast rising arena denoted as nanotechnology (Grossard).Since the material goods of solids rest on the dimension, atomic structure and chemical configuration, NsM show fresh properties due to many effects. Dimensional effects result if the typical dimension of the structuring blocks of the micro structure is abridged to the point wherever critical length scales of physical phenomena develop analogous.Variation of the dimension of a NsM contains of thin needle-shaped crystallites, simply two or one aspect of the building blocks come to be analogous with the length scale of a physical phenomenon. In these circumstances the NsM come to be a two or one-dimensional system pertaining to this phenomenon. The second case of nanostructured alloys outcomes if the crystallites of a NsM have dissimilar chemical compositions.

African American In The 1920s Essay Example for Free

African American In The 1920s Essay The aspect of African-American Studies is key to the lives of African-Americans and those involved with the welfare of the race. African-American Studies is the systematic and critical study of the multidimensional aspects of Black thought and practice in their current and historical unfolding (Karenga, 21). African-American Studies exposes students to the experiences of African-American people and others of African descent. It allows the promotion and sharing of the African-American culture. However, the concept of African-American Studies, like many other studies that focus on a specific group, gender, and/or creed, poses problems. Therefore, African-American Studies must overcome the obstacles in order to improve the state of being for African-Americans. According to the book, Introduction to Black Studies, by Maulana Karenga, various core principles make of the basis of African-American Studies. Some of the core principles consist of 1)history, 2)religion, 3)sociology, 4)politics, and 5)economics. The core principles serve as the thematic glue which holds the core subjects together. The principles assist with the expression of the African-American Studies discipline (Karenga, 27). The core principle of history is primary factor of African-American Studies. History is the struggle and record of humans in the process of humanizing the world i. e. shaping it in their own image and interests (Karenga, 70). By studying history in African-American Studies, history is allowed to be reconstructed. Reconstruction is vital, for over time, African-American history has been misleading. Similarly, the reconstruction of African-American history demands intervention not only in the academic process to redefines and reestablishes the truth of Black History, but also intervention in the social process to reshape reality in African-American images and interests and thus, self-consciously make history (Karenga, 69). African American History or Black American History, a history of African-American people in the United States from their arrival in the Americas in the Fifteenth Century until the present day. In 1996, 33. 9 million Americans, about one out of every eight people in the United States, were African-American. Although African-American from the West Indies and other areas have migrated to the United States in the Twentieth Century, most African- Americans were born in the United States, and this has been true since the early Nineteenth Century. Until the mid-20th century, the African-American population was concentrated in the Southern states. Even today, nearly half of all African-Americans live in the South. African-Americans also make up a significant part of the population in most urban areas in the eastern United States and in some mid-western and western cities as well . Africans and their descendants have been a part of the story of the Americas at least since the late 1400s. As scouts, interpreters, navigators, and military men, African-Americans were among those who first encountered Native Americans. Beginning in the colonial period, African-Americans provided most of the labor on which European settlement, development, and wealth depended, especially after European wars and diseases decimated Native Americans (http://encarta. msn. com). Thus, history plays a role in the way African-Americans have shaped the world over time. The core concept of African-American religion has always played a vital roles in the African-American life since its beginnings in Africa. Religion is defined as thought, belief, and practice concerned with the transcendent and the ultimate questions of life (Karenga, 211). The vast majority of African Americans practice some form of Protestantism. Protestantisms relatively loose hierarchical structure, particularly in the Baptist and Methodist denominations, has allowed African Americans to create and maintain separate churches. Separate churches enabled blacks to take up positions of leadership denied to them in mainstream America. In addition to their religious role, African American churches traditionally provide political leadership and serve social welfare functions. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first nationwide black church in the United States, was founded by Protestant minister Richard Allen in Philadelphia in 1816. The largest African American religious denomination is the National Baptist Convention, U. S. A. , founded in 1895. A significant number of African Americans are Black Muslims. The most prominent Black Muslim group is the Nation of Islam, a religious organization founded by W. D. Fard and Elijiah Poole in 1935. Poole, who changed his name to Elijiah Muhammad, soon emerged as the leader of the Nation of Islam. Elijiah Muhammad established temples in Detroit, Chicago, and other northern cities. Today, Louis Farrakhan leads the Nation of Islam. A small number of African American Muslims worship independently of the Nation of Islam, as part of the mainstream Islamic tradition (http://encarta. msn. com). Presented with the fact that African-American religion is predominately Judeo-Christian, the tendency is to view it as white religion in black face. However, the rooting of the two religions varies due to the historical and social experiences (Karenga, 212). African-American over time has somewhat declined in its power. The church was once the sole basis of the community, especially to those in need. Today, this is speculated to be the link in the decline in the bonding of the African-American community. The core principle of African-American sociology integrates the various aspects and social reality from an African-American perspective. African-American sociology is defined as the critical study of the structure and functioning of the African-American community as a whole, as well as the various units and processes which compose and define it, and its relations with people and the forces external to it (Karenga, 269). African-American sociology involves the study of family, groups, institutions, views and values, relations of race, class and gender and related subjects. The African-American community, like other communities, is defined by the sharing of common space. Parts of its common space, however, are bounded areas of living, such as ghettos, which not only close African-Americans in the community, but simultaneously shuts them out from the access and opportunities available in the larger, predominately Caucasian society (Karenga, 302). The concept of isolation creates areas of poverty. Socially, isolation in ghettos prevents the cycle of diversity society, allowing prevailing stereotypes to surface. The immense concentration of African-Americans is a reason for disadvantages, such as joblessness, poverty, etc. Statistics suggest that the employment rate issue is an essential on among African-American women. The average rate of unemployment among African-American women in the 1980s was 16% and was higher for African-American men (Giddings, 350). Thus, the concept of diversity prevents African-Americans from thriving socially. The core concept of African-American politics can be defined as the art and process of gaining, maintaining and using power (Karenga, 311). The institution of politics has played a role in the African-American community since the 15th amendment was passed, allowing African-American men the right to vote (Constitution). In order to obtain political power, however, there are eight bases: 1) key positions in government 2) voting strength 3) community control 4) economic capacity 5) community organization 6) possession of critical knowledge 7) coalition and alliance and 8) coercive capacity. In order to attain these, African-Americans must unite, for unity strengthens weak groups (African-Americans) and increases the power of others (Caucasians) (Karenga, 363). Over time, African-Americans have made substantial strides in politics. Civil rights leader Jesse Jackson, who ran for the Democratic Partys presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, brought exceptional support and force to African-American politics. In 1989, Virginia became the first state in U. S. history to elect an African- American governor, Douglas Wilder. In 1992, Carol Moseley-Braun of Illinois became the first African-American woman elected to the U. S. Senate. Today, Moseley-Braun is a candidate for the Presidency of the United States (Franklin, 612). There were 8,936 African-American office holders in the United States in 2000, showing a net increase of 7,467 since 1970. In 2001, there were 484 mayors and 38 members of Congress. The Congressional Black Caucus serves as a political alliance in Congress for issues relating to African- Americans. The appointment of African-Americans to high federal offices? including Colin Powell (chairman of the U. S. Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1989-1993; Secretary of State, 2001-present), Ron Brown (Secretary of Commerce, 1993-1996), and Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas? also demonstrates the increasing power of African-Americans in the political arena (http://encarta. msn. com). Despite the advances of African-Americans in the political scene, the rate of voting has immensely declined compared to 40 years ago. According to statistics, less than 20% of African-Americans between the ages of 18 and 24, the most vital voting age group, voted in the last 40 years (http://www. rockthevote. org ). African-American votings disappointing decline over time has become a setback in regards to power, for politics control most of the issues that concern society, such as healthcare, housing, and employment: issues that the African-American community are in need of improving. The core concept of economics is defined as the study and process of producing, distributing (or exchanging) and consuming goods and services. Economically, African-Americans have benefited from the advances made during the Civil Rights era. The racial disparity in poverty rates has narrowed to some extent. The African-American middle class has grown substantially. In 2000, 47% of African-Americans owned their homes. However, African-Americans are still underrepresented in government and employment. In 1999, median income of African American household was $27,910 compared to $44,366 of non-Hispanic Caucasians. Approximately one-fourth of the African-American population lives in poverty, a rate three times that of Caucasians. In 2000, 19. 1 % of the African-American population lived below poverty level as compared to 6. 9% of Caucasians population. The unemployment gap between African-Americans and Caucasians has grown. In 2000, the unemployment rate among African-Americans was almost twice the rate for Caucasians. The income gap between African-American and Caucasian families also continue to widen. Employed African-Americans earn only 77% of the wages of Caucasians in comparable jobs, down from 82% in 1975. In 2000, only 16. 6% of African-Americans 25 years and older earned bachelors or higher degrees in contrast to 28. 1% of Caucasians. Although rates of births to unwed mothers among both African-Americans and Caucasians have risen since the 1950s, the rate of such births among African-Americans is three times the rate of Caucasians (DeBose, 1). Thus, the state of African-American economics have flourished over time, yet remains in a state of improvement. Whether one talks about poverty, incomes, jobs, etc. , all imply and necessitate the concern with economics in the African-American community (Karenga, 355). Conclucively, the possibility of problems arising towards the discipline of African-American Studies are rooted in the birth of the discipline itself (Karenga, 476). The mission of the discipline, problematic administrators, and campus opposition are examples of obstacles that often attempt to prevent the missions of African-American Studies. However, African-American Studies has continued to defend its stance over time. Thus, as long as there is an African-American culture, the quest for knowledge in the African-American studies field will remain. Works Cited DeBose,Brian. Reclaiming the Mission. Nov. 2002 . Franklin, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom. Nashville, TN: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter . New York:Perrenial, 1984. Karenga, Malauna. Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press ? Third Edition, 2002. http://encarta. msn. com http://www. rockthevote. com.

Acting and Identity in Sizwe Banzi is Dead and in Death and the Kings

Both "Sizwe Bansi is Dead", (written by Athol Fugard in collaboration with John Kani and Winston Ntshona) and "Death and the King's Horseman" (written by Wole Soyinka) are both set in South Africa, in two important and significant cultural moment for the country. "Swize Bansi is Dead" tells the difficult reality of Africa under apartheid (1950s), analysing the complex issue of identity in that time. The rules of Apartheid meant that people were legally classified into a racial group, mainly Black and White, and separated from each others. This division restricted black people from being able to vote, having medical care, education, or other public services, and if when, in rare cases these were possible, they still were of a lot inferior compared to what white people were entitled to. Not only Black people were thus deprived of their write as human beings, as persons, but what most suggested that they'd lost their identities is that all of them had to have an "identity book". This item, insert them into a system of figures, where each one of them wasn't identified by a name anymore, they were recognised and registered by a number. This is a very important issue of the play, in fact the focal point is to show us how irrelevant the name and the "identity" had become for those people. Is your name your identity? And if not, is it possible to maintain a stable and truthful inside identity when deprived of all signs of uniqueness such as your own name? This theme is very much confronted in Sizwe Bansi is Dead. The main character, Sizwe Bansi is forced into talking a terrible decision. Taking a dead man's identity book, therefore stealing his "official" identity, to be able to get on with his life and keep in contact with his f... ...the characters show how loosing their write to vote and therefore express their opinion, and especially having to carry an identity booklet all the time (just because of the colour of their skin) can generate an inside crisis on one's identity. Is our identity determined by our name? Can we change name and be able to keep a stable identity? This play also raises the issue of being actors, just to survive in the society they lived in. Not being able to show their feelings and their disappointment at any time, obliged them to smile, sing, and fake. These issues are also raised in "Death and the King's Horseman", but more with showing how important and determinant our culture is for our personal identity. Thus, living in an era where this one is changing, because of the rough imposition of a new one, can torn one's personality, making them doubt all of their beliefs.

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Eleven

Things to know about the life of Zoe, on the Magellan. First, John and Jane's master plan to keep the teenage boys from killing themselves or others worked like a charm, which meant I grudgingly had to admit to Dad he'd done something smart, which he enjoyed probably more than he should have. Each of the dodgeball teams became their own little group, counterpointing with the already-established groups of kids from former colonies. It might have been a problem if everyone just switched their tribe allegiance to their teams, because then we'd have just substituted one sort of group stupidity for another. But the kids still felt allegiance to their homeworld friends as well, at least one of whom was likely to be on an opposing dodgeball team. It kept everyone friendly, or at least kept some of the more aggressively stupid kids in check until everyone could get over the urge to pick fights. Or so it was explained to me by Dad, who continued to be pleased with himself. â€Å"So you can see how we weave a subtle web of interpersonal connection,† he said to me, as we watched one of the dodgeball games. â€Å"Oh, Lord,† Savitri, who was sitting with us, said. â€Å"The self-satisfaction here is going to make me gag.† â€Å"You're just jealous that you didn't think it up,† Dad said to Savitri. â€Å"I did think it up,† Savitri said. â€Å"Part of it, anyway. I and Jane helped with this plan, as I'm sure you recall. You're just taking all the credit.† â€Å"These are despicable lies,† Dad said. â€Å"Ball,† Savitri said, and we all ducked as a runaway ball ricocheted into the crowd. Whoever thought it up, the dodgeball scheme had side benefits. After the second day of the tournament, the teams started having their own theme songs, as team members riffled through their music collections to find tunes that would get them riled up. And this was where we discovered a real cultural gap: Music that was popular on one world was completely unheard of on another. The kids from Khartoum were listening to chango-soca, the ones from Rus were deep into groundthump and so on. Yes, they all had good beats, and you could dance to them, but if you want to get someone wild-eyed and frothy, all you have to do is suggest that your favorite music was better than theirs. People were whipping out their PDAs and queuing up their songs to make their points. And thus began the Great Magellan Music War: All of us networked our PDAs together and furiously started making playlists of our favorite music to show how our music was indisputably the best music ever. In a very short time I was exposed to not just chango-soca and groundthump but also kill-drill, drone, haploid, happy dance (ironically named, as it turned out), smear, nuevopop, tone, classic tone, Erie stomp, doowa capella, shaker and some really whacked-out stuff alleged to be waltz but critically missing three-quarter time or indeed any recognizable time signature at all as far as I could tell. I listened to it all with a fair mind, then told all their proponents I pitied them because they had never been exposed to Huckleberry Sound, and sent out a playlist of my own. â€Å"So you make your music by strangling cats,† Magdy said, as he listened to â€Å"Delhi Morning,† one of my favorite songs, with me, Gretchen and Enzo. â€Å"That's sitar, you monkey,† I said. â€Å"‘Sitar' being the Huckleberry word for ‘strangled cats,'† Magdy said. I turned to Enzo. â€Å"Help me out here,† I said. â€Å"I'm going to have to go with the cat strangling theory,† Enzo said. I smacked him on the arm. â€Å"I thought you were my friend.† â€Å"I was,† Enzo said. â€Å"But now I know how you treat your pets.† â€Å"Listen!† Magdy said. The sitar part had just risen out of the mix and was suspended, heartbreakingly, over the bridge of the song. â€Å"Annnd right there is when the cat died. Admit it, Zoe.† â€Å"Gretchen?† I looked over to my last, best friend, who would always defend me against Philistines. Gretchen looked over to me. â€Å"That poor cat,† she said, and then laughed. Then Magdy grabbed the PDA and pulled up some horrible shaker noise. For the record, â€Å"Delhi Morning† does not sound like strangled cats. It really doesn't. They were all tone-deaf or something. Particularly Magdy. Tone-deaf or not, however, the four of us were ending up spending a lot of time together. While Enzo and I were doing our slow, amused sizing up of each other, Gretchen and Magdy alternated between being interested in each other and trying to see just how low they could cut each other down verbally. Although you know how these things go. One probably led to the other and vice-versa. And I'm guessing hormones counted for a lot; both of them were good-looking examples of blossoming adolescence, which I think is the best way to put it. They both seemed willing to put up with a lot from each other in exchange for gawking and some light groping, which to be fair to Magdy was not entirely one-sided on his part, if Gretchen's reports were to be believed. As for Enzo and me, well, this is how we were getting along: â€Å"I made you something,† I said, handing him my PDA. â€Å"You made me a PDA,† he said. â€Å"I always wanted one.† â€Å"Goof,† I said. Of course he had a PDA; we all did. We would hardly be teens without them. â€Å"No, click on the movie file.† He did, and watched for a few moments. Then he cocked his head at me. â€Å"So, is the whole thing shots of me getting hit in the head with a dodgeball?† he asked. â€Å"Of course not,† I said. â€Å"Some of them are of you getting hit in other places.† I took the PDA and ran my finger along the fast-forward strip on the video player. â€Å"See, look,† I said, showing him the groin shot he took earlier in the day. â€Å"Oh, great,† he said. â€Å"You're cute when you collapse in aching misery,† I said. â€Å"I'm glad you think so,† he said, clearly not as enthused as I was. â€Å"Let's watch it again,† I said. â€Å"This time in slow motion.† â€Å"Let's not,† Enzo said. â€Å"It's a painful memory. I had plans for those things one day.† I felt a blush coming on, and fought it back with sarcasm. â€Å"Poor Enzo,† I said. â€Å"Poor squeaky-voiced Enzo.† â€Å"Your sympathy is overwhelming,† he said. â€Å"I think you like watching me get abused. You could offer up some advice instead.† â€Å"Move faster,† I said. â€Å"Try not to get hit so much.† â€Å"You're helpful,† he said. â€Å"There,† I said, pressing the send button on the PDA. â€Å"It's in your queue now. So you can treasure it always.† â€Å"I hardly know what to say,† he said. â€Å"Did you get me anything?† I asked. â€Å"As a matter of fact,† Enzo said, and then pulled out his PDA, punched up something, and handed the PDA to me. On it was another poem. I read it. â€Å"This is very sweet,† I said. It was actually beautiful, but I didn't want to get mushy on him, not after just sharing video of him taking a hit to his nether regions. â€Å"Yes, well,† Enzo said, taking back the PDA. â€Å"I wrote it before I saw that video. Just remember that.† He pressed his PDA screen. â€Å"There. In your queue now. So you can treasure it always.† â€Å"I will,† I said, and would. â€Å"Good,† Enzo said. â€Å"Because I get a lot of abuse for those, you know.† â€Å"For the poems?† I said. Enzo nodded. â€Å"From whom?† â€Å"From Magdy, of course,† Enzo said. â€Å"He caught me writing that one to you and mocked the hell out of me for it.† â€Å"Magdy's idea of a poem is a dirty limerick,† I said. â€Å"He's not stupid,† Enzo said. â€Å"I didn't say he was stupid,† I said. â€Å"Just vulgar.† â€Å"Well, he's my best friend,† Enzo said. â€Å"What are you gonna do.† â€Å"I think it's sweet you stick up for him,† I said. â€Å"But I have to tell you that if he mocks you out of writing poems for me, I'm going to have to kick his ass.† Enzo grinned. â€Å"You or your bodyguards?† he asked. â€Å"Oh, I'd handle this one personally,† I said. â€Å"Although I might get Gretchen to help.† â€Å"I think she would,† Enzo said. â€Å"There's no think involved here,† I said. â€Å"I guess I better keep writing you poems, then,† Enzo said. â€Å"Good,† I said, and patted his cheek. â€Å"I'm glad we have these little conversations.† And Enzo was as good as his word; a couple of times a day I'd get a new poem. They were mostly sweet and funny, and only a little bit showing off, because he would send them in different poem formats: haiku and sonnets and sestinas and some forms I don't know what they're called but you could see that they were supposed to be something. And naturally I would show them all to Gretchen, who tried very hard not to be impressed. â€Å"The scan's off on that one,† she said, after she had read one I showed to her at one of the dodgeball games. Savitri had joined the two of us to watch. She was on her break. â€Å"I'd dump him for that.† â€Å"It's not off,† I said. â€Å"And anyway he's not my boyfriend.† â€Å"A guy sends poems on the hour and you say he's not your boyfriend?† Gretchen asked. â€Å"If he was her boyfriend, he wouldn't be sending poems anymore,† Savitri said. Gretchen smacked her forehead. â€Å"Of course,† she said. â€Å"It all makes sense now.† â€Å"Give me that,† I said, taking back my PDA. â€Å"Such cynicism.† â€Å"You're just saying that because you're getting sestinas,† Savitri said. â€Å"Which don't scan,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Quiet, both of you,† I said, and turned the PDA around so it could record the game. Enzo's team was playing the Dragons in the quarter-final match for the league championship. â€Å"All your bitterness is distracting me from watching Enzo get slaughtered out there.† â€Å"Speaking of cynicism,† Gretchen said. There was a loud pock as the dodgeball smooshed Enzo's face into a not terribly appealing shape. He grabbed his face with both hands, cursed loudly, and dropped to his knees. â€Å"There we go,† I said. â€Å"That poor boy,† Savitri said. â€Å"He'll live,† Gretchen said, and then turned to me. â€Å"So you got that.† â€Å"It's going into the highlight reel for sure,† I said. â€Å"I've mentioned before that you don't deserve him,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"He writes me poems, I document his physical ineptitude. That's how the relationship works.† â€Å"I thought you said he wasn't your boyfriend,† Savitri said. â€Å"He's not my boyfriend,† I said, and saved the humiliating snippet into my â€Å"Enzo† file. â€Å"It doesn't mean we don't have a relationship.† I put my PDA away and greeted Enzo as he came up, still holding his face. â€Å"So you got that,† he said to me. I turned and smiled at Gretchen and Savitri, as if to say, See. They both rolled their eyes. In all, there was about a week between when the Magellan left Phoenix Station and when the Magellan was far enough away from any major gravity well that it could skip to Roanoke. Much of that time was spent watching dodgeball, listening to music, chatting with my new friends, and recording Enzo getting hit with balls. But in between all of that, I actually did spend a little bit of time learning about the world on which we would live the rest of our lives. Some of it I already knew: Roanoke was a Class Six planet, which meant (and here I'm double-checking with the Colonial Union Department of Colonization Protocol Document, get it wherever PDAs have access to a network) that the planet was within fifteen percent of Earth standard gravity, atmosphere, temperature and rotation, but that the biosphere was not compatible with human biology – which is to say if you ate something there, it'd probably make you vomit your guts out if it didn't kill you outright. (This made me mildly curious about how many classes of planet there were. Turns out there are eighteen, twelve of which are at least nominally humanly compatible. That said, if someone says you're on a colony ship headed to a Class Twelve planet, the best thing to do is to find an escape pod or volunteer to join the ship's crew, because you're not going to want to land on that world if you can avoid it. Unless you like weighing up to two and a half times your normal weight on a planet whose ammonia-choked atmosphere will hopefully smother you before you die of exposure. In which case, you know. Welcome home.) What do you do on a Class Six planet, when you're a member of a seed colony? Well, Jane had it right when she said it on Huckleberry: You work. You only have so much food supply to go through before you have to add to it from what you've grown – but before you grow your food, you have to make over the soil so it can grow crops that can feed humans (and other species which started on Earth, like almost all our livestock) without choking to death on the incompatible nutrients in the ground. And you have to make sure that earlier-mentioned livestock (or pets, or toddlers, or inattentive adults who didn't pay attention during their training periods) don't graze or eat anything from the planet until you do a toxicology scan so see if it will kill them. The colonist materials we were given suggest this is more difficult than it sounds, because it's not like your livestock will listen to reason, and neither will a toddler or some adults. So you've conditioned the soil and kept all your animals and dumb humans from gorging on the poisonous scenery: Now it's time to plant, plant, plant your crops like your life depended on it, because it does. To bring this point home, the colonist training material is filled with pictures of gaunt colonists who messed up their plantings and ended up a lot thinner (or worse) after their planet's winter. The Colonial Union won't bail you out – if you fail, you fail, sometimes at the cost of your own life. You've planted and tilled and harvested, and then you do it again, and you keep doing it – and all the while you're also building infrastructure, because one of the major roles of a seed colony is to prepare the planet for the next, larger wave of colonists, who show up a couple of standard years later. I assume they land, look around at everything you've created, and say, â€Å"Well, colonizing doesn't look that hard.† At which point you get to punch them. And through this all, and in the back of your mind, is this little fact: Colonies are at their most vulnerable to attack when they're new. There's a reason humans colonize Class Six planets, where the biosystem might kill them, and even Class Twelve planets, where just about everything else will kill them too. It's because there are a lot of other intelligent races out there who have the same habitation needs as we have, and we all want as many planets as we can grab. And if someone else is already there, well. That's just something to work around. I knew this very well. And so did John and Jane. But it was something I wonder if other people – either my age or older – really understood; understood that Class Six planet or not, conditioned soil or not, planted crops or not, everything they've done and worked for doesn't matter much when a spacecraft shows up in your sky, and it's filled with creatures who've decided they want your planet, and you're in the way. Maybe it's not something you can understand until it happens. Or maybe when it comes down to it people just don't think about it because there's nothing to do about it. We're not soldiers, we're colonists. Being a colonist means accepting the risk. And once you've accepted the risk, you might as well not think about it until you have to. And during our week on the Magellan, we certainly didn't have to. We were having fun – almost too much fun, to be honest about it. I suspected we were getting an unrepresentative view of colony life. I mentioned this to Dad, while we watched the final game of the dodgeball tournament, in which the Dragons were raining rubbery red doom on the previously undefeated Slime Molds, the team Magdy was on. I was perfectly fine with this; Magdy had gotten insufferable about his team's winning streak. Humility would be a good thing for the boy. â€Å"Of course this is unrepresentative,† Dad said. â€Å"Do you think you're going to have time to be playing dodgeball when we get to Roanoke?† â€Å"I don't just mean dodgeball,† I said. â€Å"I know,† he said. â€Å"But I don't want you to worry about it. Let me tell you a story.† â€Å"Oh, goody,† I said. â€Å"A story.† â€Å"So sarcastic,† Dad said. â€Å"When I first left Earth and joined the Civil Defense Forces, we had a week like this. We were given our new bodies – those green ones, like General Rybicki still has – and we were given the order to have fun with them for an entire week.† â€Å"Sounds like a good way to encourage trouble,† I said. â€Å"Maybe it is,† Dad said. â€Å"But mostly it did two things. The first was to get us comfortable with what our new bodies could do. The second was to give us some time to enjoy ourselves and make friends before we had to go to war. To give us a little calm before the storm.† â€Å"So you're giving us this week to have fun before you send us all to the salt mines,† I said. â€Å"Not to the salt mines, but certainly to the fields,† Dad said, and motioned out to the kids still hustling about on the dodge-ball court. â€Å"I don't think it's entirely sunk into the heads of a lot of your new friends that when we land, they're going to be put to work. This is a seed colony. All hands needed.† â€Å"I guess it's a good thing I got a decent education before I left Huckleberry,† I said. â€Å"Oh, you'll still go to school,† Dad said. â€Å"Trust me on that, Zoe. You'll just work, too. And so will all your friends.† â€Å"Monstrously unfair,† I said. â€Å"Work and school.† â€Å"Don't expect a lot of sympathy from us,† Dad said. â€Å"While you're sitting down and reading, we're going to be out there sweating and toiling.† â€Å"Who's this ‘we'?† I said. â€Å"You're the colony leader. You'll be administrating.† â€Å"I farmed when I was ombudsman back in New Goa,† Dad said. I snorted. â€Å"You mean you paid for the seed grain and let Chaudhry Shujaat work the field for a cut.† â€Å"You're missing the point,† Dad said. â€Å"My point is that once we get to Roanoke we'll all be busy. What's going to get us through it all are our friends. I know it worked that way for me in the CDF. You've made new friends this last week, right?† â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"Would you want to start your life on Roanoke without them?† Dad asked. I thought of Gretchen and Enzo and even Magdy. â€Å"Definitely not,† I said. â€Å"Then this week did what it was supposed to do,† Dad said. â€Å"We're on our way from being colonists from different worlds to being a single colony, and from being strangers to being friends. We're all going to need each other now. We're in a better position to work together. And that's the practical benefit to having a week of fun.† â€Å"Wow,† I said. â€Å"I can see how you weaved a subtle web of interpersonal connection here.† â€Å"Well, you know,† Dad said, with that look in his eye that said that yes, he did catch that snarky reference. â€Å"That's why I run things.† â€Å"Is that it?† I asked. â€Å"It's what I tell myself, anyway,† he said. The Dragons made the last out against the Slime Molds and started celebrating. The crowd of colonists watching were cheering as well, and getting themselves into the mood for the really big event of the night: the skip to Roanoke, which would happen in just under a half hour. Dad stood up. â€Å"This is my cue,† he said. â€Å"I've got to get ready to do the award presentation to the Dragons. A shame. I was pulling for the Slime Molds. I love that name.† â€Å"Try to make it through the disappointment,† I said. â€Å"I'll try,† he said. â€Å"You going to stay around for the skip?† â€Å"Are you kidding?† I said. â€Å"Everyone's going to stay around for the skip. I wouldn't miss it for anything.† â€Å"Good,† Dad said. â€Å"Always a good idea to confront change with your eyes open.† â€Å"You think it's really going to be that different?† I asked. Dad kissed the top of my head and gave me a hug. â€Å"Sweetie, I know it's going to be that different. What I don't know is how much more different it's going to be after that.† â€Å"I guess we'll find out,† I said. â€Å"Yes, and in about twenty-five minutes,† Dad said, and then pointed. â€Å"Look, there's your mom and Savitri. Let's ring in the new world together, shall we?†